Tough question given that we haven't actually seen any Cabal ships except a small dropship(which also happens to be the most annoying dropship in Destiny). Assuming that they're on par with Covenant ships then with my limited sci-fi knowledge I can't really think of a single ship without a superweapon that would stand a chance against a fleet that's 1000 strong.
Are planet destroying superweapons really that unfair against a fleet of 1000 anyway? Lots of series put large spaceships as being several tens of kilometres long. A huge fleet of such ships would occupy such a large space that a superweapon that's barely a planet buster would probably not deal that much damage on the fleet as a whole.
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You're overthinking things, man