I don't feel like he would have a problem until the Vault of Glass, which he would have to enter alone. This is impossible, but even if he did, the Templar, oracles, Gorgons, and Atheon could either send him far into the past or future, or simply will him out of existence.
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Goku is fast enough to solo oracles, could easily blast the templar our of existance, gorgons would be a joke. Gatekeepers would be the only interesting part. But goku could also just smash the vault. And if he really needs to he could the multi body technique that Tien uses to clear it 'legit' He would smash atheon instantaneously. He doesnt need times vengeance.
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Templar is invincible until the aegis.
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Super charge aegis. Blow of shield. Punch.
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He would be dead by then, he has no idea what the confluxes do, much less the oracles.
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Instant transmission.. ever heard of it?
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It won't help get out of the portals and he has to go fully through the VoG.
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He can teleport from planet to planet... why would the portals be a problem for him?
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He's stuck in the past, he can't teleport through time.
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It teleports you, but not through time
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Between Venus and Mars one is in the past and the other is the future. Pay close attention to how the vex look, and compare it to grimoire. One is from the past and one is from the future. I'm at work or I would say which is which